Published in 1921, the book offered countless colourful escapades in the dreamscape, including charming descriptions of her attempts to fly. Instead, it was an English aristocrat and writer, Mary Arnold-Forster, who provided one of the earliest and most detailed descriptions in the English language in her book Studies in Dreams. Despite his fascination with the interaction between the conscious and subconscious minds, Sigmund Freud barely mentioned lucid dreams in his writings. This interest in lucid dreaming has been growing in fits and starts for more than a century. “More and more researchers, from many different fields, have started to incorporate lucid dreams in their research,” says Carr. By identifying the brain activity that gives rise to the heightened awareness and sense of agency in lucid dreams, neuroscientists and psychologists hope to answer fundamental questions about the nature of human consciousness, including our apparently unique capacity for self-awareness. Photograph: TEDX/YouTubeĪnd there are more profound reasons to exploit this sleep state, besides personal improvement. “It’s just so exciting and unbelievable,” she says. Sleep researcher Michelle Carr says she can tranform herself into a dolphin during her lucid dreams. “A lot of elite athletes use lucid dreams to practise their sport.” Others hope that exercising skills in their dreams will increase their real-life abilities. “It’s just so exciting and unbelievable to be in a lucid dream and to witness your mind creating this completely vivid simulation,” says Carr, who is a sleep researcher at the University of Rochester in New York state. (A single subreddit devoted to the phenomenon has more than 400,000 members.) Many are simply looking for entertainment. There’s a thriving online community of people who are now trying to learn how to lucid dream. “It came right up to me – it was a really beautiful moment.” Once, she transformed the wave itself, turning it into a giant snail with a huge shell. She can transform herself into a dolphin and swim into the water. What should be a terrifying nightmare, however, can quickly turn into a whimsical adventure – thanks to her ability to control her dreams. This single-mind perspective recognizes that thinking can be fast or slow but focuses on differences in operating conditions (variations in the constraints placed upon a single system) rather than differences in operating principles (distinctions between multiple systems).Michelle Carr is frequently plagued by tidal waves in her dreams. Rather than suggesting the existence of two separate minds, the available evidence supports the idea of a single mind that shifts between a careful, deliberate mode of operation and a quick-and-dirty mode of operation. For instance, processes that are often regarded as being at the core of the unconscious mind (e.g., implicit bias, conditioning, habits) have been shown to be consciously accessible or to depend heavily on conscious thought ( see De Houwer et al., 2019, for an open access review). Moreover, modern empirical research on unconscious thinking reveals various layers of complexity. This simplification glosses over the important point that conscious thinking probably controls many aspects of our unconscious thinking. A second simplification that is embedded within the image of the iceberg mind is the idea that the tip of the iceberg (i.e., the conscious mind) is responsible for just a fraction of what we do.
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